Tarot on Trial: History, Ethics, and Why the Conversation Matters

Recently, a legal case in Pennsylvania has brought renewed attention to an old law that prohibits fortune telling. While the outcome of the case remains to be seen, it presents an opportunity to ask an important question:

What exactly is tarot?

The answer is far more nuanced than many people realize.

For centuries, tarot has served different purposes for different people. Some see it as a game. Some use it for personal reflection. Some approach it as a spiritual practice. Others enjoy it simply for entertainment.

Understanding these differences is essential before deciding what tarot is—or isn't.

The Origins of Tarot

The earliest tarot decks appeared in northern Italy during the 1400s. They were beautifully illustrated playing cards used for games among the wealthy.

For hundreds of years, tarot was not associated with mysticism.

It wasn't until the 1700s and 1800s that writers and occult scholars began exploring symbolic and spiritual meanings within the cards. Over time, tarot became connected with philosophy, personal reflection, and various spiritual traditions.

The Rider–Waite–Smith Deck Changed Everything

When most people think of tarot today, they're usually picturing the Rider–Waite–Smith deck.

Published in the early 1900's; the deck was created through the collaboration of Arthur Edward Waite and artist Pamela Colman Smith. Waite wanted a deck that expressed deeper spiritual and mystical symbolism rather than simply illustrating playing cards.

Perhaps the deck's greatest innovation was the Minor Arcana. Earlier tarot decks often showed simple arrangements of suit symbols. Pamela Colman Smith instead illustrated every card with rich scenes full of symbolism and human experience, making the deck far more accessible for study, meditation, and intuitive interpretation.

Today, countless modern tarot decks trace their inspiration back to the Rider–Waite–Smith tradition.

How Tarot Is Used Today

There is no single "correct" way to use tarot.

Some people use the cards as prompts for self-reflection, helping them understand their emotions, relationships, or life patterns.

Some use tarot as part of a spiritual practice that includes prayer, meditation, or contemplation.

Some readers believe the cards can reveal possibilities or likely outcomes based on a person's current circumstances.

Others simply enjoy readings as entertainment.

These approaches are not identical, and one reader should not automatically be judged by the practices of another.

Divination Is Not Always Fortune Telling

One of the greatest misconceptions about tarot is that every reading claims to predict a fixed future.

Historically, divination has often meant seeking insight, guidance, or wisdom rather than declaring certainty.

Many ethical tarot readers view the cards as a snapshot of the present moment. The cards reveal patterns, influences, opportunities, challenges, and possibilities—not guarantees.

If someone changes their decisions, mindset, or circumstances, the outcome may also change.

In this understanding, tarot is less about predicting destiny and more about increasing awareness.

Why Ethical Readers Use Disclaimers

If you've ever visited a professional tarot reader's website, you've probably noticed a disclaimer.

There's a good reason for that.

Ethical readers recognize that tarot should never replace medical care, legal advice, financial planning, or mental health treatment. Likewise, most responsible practitioners avoid making promises or guaranteeing specific outcomes.

Many readers also explain that readings are intended for reflection, personal insight, spiritual exploration, or entertainment, depending on the nature of their practice.

FOR EXAMPLE, here is my own disclaimer:

               Disclaimer

 Tarot readings can be inspirational and they can help see things from a different perspective.  They can also be fun! As such, it is important to note that Tarot readings should be viewed as “for entertainment purposes only”. We are all responsible for our own choices, actions and state of well being. Please use discernment, as your own good judgement outweighs all else.

“The story is in the cards, but YOU write how it plays out”.

 A disclaimer isn't simply about protecting the reader—it reminds the client that they remain responsible for their own choices.

The Difference Between Ethical Practice and Fraud

Like every profession, tarot has both ethical practitioners and unethical ones.

An ethical reader encourages personal responsibility, invites questions, and understands the limitations of their practice. They help clients explore possibilities without claiming absolute certainty.

A fraudulent reader, on the other hand, often relies on fear. They may insist that a curse has been placed on someone, claim only they can remove it, or demand increasingly large sums of money to "fix" a spiritual problem. Others may guarantee impossible outcomes or manipulate vulnerable people into repeated readings.

Those practices deserve scrutiny—not because they involve tarot, but because they exploit trust.

Fraud exists in many professions. It should not define every ethical practitioner.

Why This Conversation Matters

As Pennsylvania debates laws surrounding fortune telling, it's worth recognizing that tarot cannot be reduced to a single definition.

For some, it is entertainment.

For others, it is a spiritual discipline.

For many, it is simply a tool for self-reflection, much like meditation, journaling, or meaningful conversation.

Reasonable people will continue to disagree about the spiritual nature of tarot, and that diversity of belief has existed for generations.

At Tarot Perceptions, we believe tarot is most valuable when it encourages curiosity, reflection, and intentional living. The cards don't remove your free will. They invite you to pause, consider your options, and reconnect with your own wisdom.

Your future is not written in stone.

Every choice you make has the power to shape what comes next.